Attalus III was the last king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Pergamon, ruling from 138 to 133 BCE. He is known for his eccentric behavior and his efforts to promote the arts and culture during his reign. Attalus III inherited a prosperous kingdom but faced challenges in maintaining its stability. Upon his death, Attalus III bequeathed his kingdom to the Roman Republic, marking the end of the Attalid dynasty. This transfer of power significantly expanded Roman influence in Asia Minor and set the stage for the eventual establishment of Roman provinces in the region.