The Attalid Dynasty was a Hellenistic dynasty that ruled over the region of Pergamon in western Anatolia from the late 3rd century BCE to the early 2nd century BCE. Founded by Attalus I, the dynasty is known for its cultural and political achievements, including the establishment of Pergamon as a major center of art and learning. The Attalids were also notable for their support of the arts and the construction of impressive structures, such as the Altar of Zeus. The dynasty reached its peak under Attalus III, who bequeathed his kingdom to the Roman Republic in 133 BCE. This act marked the end of the Attalid rule and the beginning of Roman influence in the region. The legacy of the Attalid Dynasty continues to be recognized for its contributions to Hellenistic culture and the development of Pergamon as a significant historical site.