Athenian democracy was a system of government developed in ancient Athens around the 5th century BCE. It was characterized by direct participation of citizens in decision-making, where eligible male citizens could vote on laws and policies. This form of democracy allowed for open debates and public assemblies, making it one of the earliest examples of democratic governance. In Athenian democracy, citizens were expected to engage actively in political life. However, it excluded women, slaves, and non-citizens from participation. Key institutions included the Assembly, where citizens gathered to discuss issues, and the Council of Five Hundred, which prepared matters for the Assembly's consideration.