The term "Athenian" refers to anything related to the ancient city-state of Athens, which was a powerful center of culture, philosophy, and democracy in ancient Greece. Athenians were known for their contributions to art, theater, and the development of political systems that emphasized citizen participation. In addition to their political innovations, Athenians were also famous for their philosophers, such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, who laid the groundwork for Western thought. The city was home to significant architectural achievements, including the Parthenon, a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena.