An asthma attack occurs when the airways in the lungs become inflamed and narrow, making it difficult to breathe. This can be triggered by various factors, including allergens, exercise, cold air, or respiratory infections. Symptoms often include wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. During an asthma attack, the muscles around the airways tighten, and mucus production increases, further obstructing airflow. It is important for individuals with asthma to have an action plan and carry a rescue inhaler, which contains medication to quickly relieve symptoms and open the airways.