Bronchospasm is a condition where the muscles around the airways in the lungs tighten, leading to narrowed air passages. This can cause difficulty in breathing, wheezing, and coughing. It is often triggered by factors such as asthma, allergies, or exposure to irritants like smoke and pollution. During bronchospasm, the inflammation in the airways can increase, making it harder for air to flow in and out of the lungs. Treatment typically involves the use of bronchodilators, which are medications that help relax the airway muscles, allowing for easier breathing and improved airflow.