The Asia Minor Campaign refers to a military conflict during the Turkish War of Independence (1919-1923), primarily involving the forces of the Greek Army and the Turkish Nationalist Movement led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. The campaign began in 1919 when Greece sought to expand its territory in western Anatolia, claiming areas with significant Greek populations. The conflict escalated as Turkish forces launched counter-offensives, ultimately leading to the Greek retreat in 1922. The campaign concluded with the Great Fire of Smyrna and significant population exchanges, marking a pivotal moment in the establishment of modern Turkey and the end of the Ottoman Empire.