Ash clouds are formed when volcanic eruptions release fine particles of ash into the atmosphere. These clouds can rise high into the sky and spread over large areas, depending on wind conditions. The ash consists of tiny fragments of rock, minerals, and volcanic glass, which can pose hazards to air travel and human health. When ash clouds drift into populated areas, they can cause respiratory issues and damage to buildings and infrastructure. Additionally, they can disrupt flights, as airlines often reroute or cancel flights to avoid flying through these hazardous clouds. Monitoring systems are in place to track ash clouds and provide warnings to affected regions.