Artemisinin derivatives are a class of medications derived from the Artemisia annua plant, commonly known as sweet wormwood. These compounds are primarily used to treat malaria, a serious disease caused by parasites transmitted through mosquito bites. Artemisinin itself is known for its rapid action against the malaria parasite, making these derivatives effective in reducing symptoms and preventing severe illness. The most common forms of artemisinin derivatives include artemether, lumefantrine, and dihydroartemisinin. These drugs are often combined with other antimalarial medications to enhance their effectiveness and reduce the risk of resistance. Their use has significantly improved malaria treatment outcomes, especially in regions where the disease is prevalent.