The term "Artaxiad" refers to a royal dynasty that ruled over the ancient kingdom of Armenia from the 2nd century BCE to the 1st century CE. This dynasty is known for its efforts to strengthen Armenian independence and expand its territory, often engaging in conflicts with neighboring powers such as Parthia and Rome. The Artaxiad dynasty was founded by Artaxias I, who established the kingdom's capital at Artaxata. The dynasty is notable for its cultural contributions, including the promotion of Hellenistic influences in art and architecture, as well as the development of a distinct Armenian identity during its reign.