The Artaxiad Dynasty was a royal family that ruled over the ancient kingdom of Armenia from the 2nd century BCE to the 1st century CE. Founded by Artaxias I, the dynasty is known for establishing a strong Armenian state and promoting Hellenistic culture. The Artaxiad kings expanded their territory and engaged in various conflicts with neighboring powers, including the Seleucid Empire and the Roman Republic. During its reign, the Artaxiad Dynasty saw significant developments in trade, culture, and architecture. The dynasty's influence helped shape Armenian identity and laid the groundwork for future kingdoms. Notable rulers include Tigranes the Great, who expanded Armenia to its greatest territorial extent, making it a significant regional power.