The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia was a medieval state established by Armenian refugees fleeing from the Seljuk invasions in the 11th century. It thrived in the region of Cilicia, located in southern Turkey, and became a significant center of Armenian culture and trade. The kingdom lasted until the late 14th century, when it fell under the control of the Mamluks. The kingdom was known for its strong alliances with European powers, particularly during the Crusades. Its capital, Tarsus, served as a vital hub for commerce and diplomacy. The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia played a crucial role in preserving Armenian heritage and fostering connections between the East and West.