Archbishop Thomas Cranmer was a key figure in the English Reformation during the 16th century. Born in 1489, he became the first Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury and played a significant role in the establishment of the Church of England. Cranmer is best known for his work on the Book of Common Prayer, which helped shape Anglican worship and doctrine. Cranmer's efforts to reform the church led to conflicts with both Catholic and Protestant factions. He was eventually arrested and executed in 1556 under the reign of Queen Mary I, who sought to restore Catholicism in England. His legacy endures through his contributions to English liturgy and theology.