The "Arab Renaissance," or Nahda, refers to a cultural and intellectual revival in the Arab world during the 19th and early 20th centuries. This movement aimed to modernize Arab society by embracing science, literature, and philosophy, while also promoting education and social reform. Key figures included Jamal al-Din al-Afghani and Muhammad Abduh, who advocated for a blend of Islamic values and modern thought. The Arab Renaissance was marked by the establishment of new literary forms, newspapers, and educational institutions. It sought to reconnect with the rich heritage of Arabic literature and philosophy while addressing contemporary issues. This period laid the groundwork for future political and cultural movements in the Arab world.