Modern Arabic literature refers to literary works produced in the Arabic language from the late 19th century to the present. This period saw a revival of interest in Arabic culture and language, influenced by European literature and political changes in the Arab world. Writers began to explore themes of identity, nationalism, and social issues, leading to a rich diversity of genres, including poetry, novels, and plays. Notable figures in modern Arabic literature include Naguib Mahfouz, the first Arab Nobel laureate in literature, and Adonis, a prominent poet. The literature often reflects the complexities of contemporary Arab life, addressing both personal and collective experiences.