The Arab Conquests refer to a series of military campaigns initiated by the Rashidun Caliphate in the 7th century. Following the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 CE, Arab armies rapidly expanded their territory, spreading Islam across the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Europe. Key battles, such as the Battle of Yarmouk and the Battle of Qadisiyyah, played significant roles in these conquests. These campaigns led to the establishment of vast empires, including the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates. The conquests facilitated cultural exchanges and the spread of knowledge, influencing art, science, and trade across the regions. The legacy of the Arab Conquests continues to shape the political and cultural landscape of the modern world.