The Arab Conquest of Persia occurred in the 7th century, following the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 AD. The Rashidun Caliphate, led by Caliph Umar, aimed to expand the Islamic state and spread Islam. The conquest began with the decisive battles of Qadisiyyah and Nihavand, where Arab forces defeated the Sassanian Empire. As a result of these victories, Persia fell under Islamic rule, leading to significant cultural and religious changes. The conquest facilitated the spread of Islam throughout the region, transforming Persian society and contributing to the eventual rise of the Islamic Golden Age.