The Arab Conquest refers to the rapid expansion of the Islamic Caliphate following the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 CE. Within a century, Arab armies spread across the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Europe, establishing control over vast territories. This expansion was driven by a combination of military campaigns, trade, and the appeal of Islam. The conquests led to significant cultural and political changes in the regions affected. The spread of Arabic language and Islamic culture influenced local societies, while the establishment of new administrative systems helped integrate diverse populations. The conquests laid the foundation for the Islamic Golden Age.