The Aq Qoyunlu, or White Sheep Turkmen, was a tribal federation that emerged in the 14th century in present-day Iran and Iraq. They were known for their pastoral lifestyle and played a significant role in the region's politics, especially during the late medieval period. The Aq Qoyunlu established a powerful state that included various ethnic groups and territories. Under the leadership of Uzun Hasan, the Aq Qoyunlu reached their peak in the 15th century, expanding their influence across Anatolia and parts of the Caucasus. They were notable for their cultural contributions, including architecture and literature, and their rivalry with the Qara Qoyunlu (Black Sheep Turkmen) shaped the political landscape of the time.