Guillaume Apollinaire was a French poet, playwright, and art critic, born on August 26, 1880, in Rome. He is best known for his innovative use of language and form, particularly in his poetry. Apollinaire played a significant role in the development of modern poetry and is often associated with the Surrealist movement, although he was not formally a member. One of his most famous works is the collection titled "Alcools," published in 1913, which showcases his unique style and themes of love, war, and the passage of time. Apollinaire also coined the term "calligram" to describe poems that are arranged in a visual shape, blending poetry and visual art. He passed away on November 9, 1918.