Apache Maven is a powerful build automation tool primarily used for Java projects. It simplifies the process of managing project dependencies, compiling code, and packaging applications. By using a standardized project structure and a central repository for libraries, Maven helps developers streamline their workflow and maintain consistency across projects. Maven operates using a file called pom.xml, which contains configuration details about the project, including its dependencies and build settings. This allows developers to easily manage versions and updates, ensuring that their applications are built with the correct libraries and tools. Overall, Maven enhances productivity and reduces complexity in software development.