The "pom.xml" file is a fundamental component of a Maven project, which is a popular build automation tool used primarily for Java applications. POM stands for "Project Object Model," and this XML file contains essential information about the project, such as its dependencies, build configurations, and plugins. It helps manage the project's lifecycle and ensures that all necessary libraries are included during the build process. In addition to defining dependencies, the "pom.xml" file specifies project metadata, including the project's name, version, and description. This information is crucial for project management and collaboration, as it allows developers to understand the project's structure and requirements easily. Overall, "pom.xml" plays a vital role in streamlining the development process in Java projects.