Apache Commons Logging is a lightweight logging abstraction that allows developers to use various logging frameworks without being tied to a specific one. It provides a simple API for logging messages, making it easier to switch between different logging implementations like Log4j, SLF4J, or java.util.logging. By using Apache Commons Logging, applications can remain flexible and maintainable, as the logging framework can be changed without modifying the application code. This abstraction layer helps in managing log output and levels, ensuring that developers can focus on their application logic while still capturing important runtime information.