Antitubercular agents are medications specifically designed to treat tuberculosis, a serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These agents work by targeting and killing the bacteria or inhibiting their growth, helping to clear the infection from the body. Common antitubercular drugs include isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. Treatment typically involves a combination of these drugs over an extended period, usually six months or longer, to prevent the development of drug-resistant strains of the bacteria. Adherence to the prescribed regimen is crucial for effective treatment and to reduce the risk of transmission to others.