Antiochus IV, also known as Antiochus Epiphanes, was a Hellenistic king of the Seleucid Empire who ruled from 175 to 164 BCE. He is best known for his aggressive policies aimed at spreading Hellenistic culture and for his conflicts with the Jewish population in Judea. His reign was marked by attempts to impose Greek customs and religion, leading to significant resistance. His actions sparked the Maccabean Revolt, a significant uprising by the Jewish people against his rule. Antiochus IV's harsh measures, including the desecration of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, fueled this rebellion, which ultimately resulted in the establishment of an independent Jewish state.