The Animal Welfare Act is a federal law in the United States that was enacted in 1966. Its primary purpose is to ensure the humane treatment of animals used in research, exhibition, and as pets. The act sets minimum standards for housing, feeding, and veterinary care for animals under the care of licensed facilities. The Animal Welfare Act is enforced by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), which conducts inspections and ensures compliance. The law covers a variety of animals, including dogs, cats, and primates, but it does not apply to all animals, such as farm animals used for food production.