Animal testing alternatives are methods used to assess the safety and effectiveness of products without using animals. These alternatives include in vitro testing, which involves studying cells or tissues in a lab setting, and computer modeling, which simulates biological processes. These methods can provide valuable data while reducing the ethical concerns associated with animal testing. Another alternative is the use of human volunteers in clinical trials, where products are tested directly on people. Additionally, advances in technologies like organs-on-chips and 3D bioprinting are creating new ways to study human biology and disease, further minimizing the need for animal testing.