The Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604) was a conflict between England and Spain, primarily driven by political and religious tensions. England, under Queen Elizabeth I, supported Protestant rebels in the Spanish Netherlands and sought to challenge Spanish dominance at sea. The war included notable events such as the failed Spanish Armada invasion in 1588. The conflict also involved privateering, where English pirates, like Sir Francis Drake, attacked Spanish ships and colonies. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of London in 1604, which restored peace but did not resolve underlying tensions between the two nations.