The Spanish Netherlands refers to the southern provinces of the Low Countries that were under the control of the Spanish Crown from the late 16th century until the end of the 18th century. This region included modern-day Belgium and Luxembourg, and it was part of the larger Habsburg Netherlands. The area was known for its wealth, trade, and cultural achievements, particularly in art and architecture. During this period, the Spanish Netherlands experienced significant political and religious conflict, especially during the Eighty Years' War against Dutch independence. The region was characterized by a mix of Catholic and Protestant communities, leading to tensions that influenced its history. Ultimately, the Spanish Netherlands was ceded to Austria in 1714, marking the end of Spanish rule.