The Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms were a group of kingdoms in England that existed from the 5th to the 11th centuries. They emerged after the fall of the Roman Empire and were primarily inhabited by the Anglo-Saxons, a mix of Germanic tribes including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. These kingdoms included notable areas like Wessex, Mercia, and Northumbria, each with its own rulers and cultures. The Anglo-Saxon period is marked by significant developments in language, law, and culture. The Old English language evolved during this time, laying the foundation for modern English. The kingdoms eventually unified under the rule of Alfred the Great and his descendants, leading to the formation of a more centralized English state before the Norman Conquest in 1066.