The Ancient Roman Empire was one of the most powerful civilizations in history, lasting from 27 BC to 476 AD. It began when Julius Caesar’s adopted heir, Augustus, became the first emperor. The empire expanded across Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia, known for its impressive architecture, such as the Colosseum and Pantheon, as well as its advanced engineering and road systems. The Romans were also known for their contributions to law, government, and culture. They developed a complex legal system that influenced many modern laws. The empire eventually fell due to various factors, including economic troubles and invasions by barbarian tribes, marking the end of ancient Rome.