Ancient Persian literature primarily flourished during the Achaemenid Empire (c. 550–330 BCE) and later in the Sassanian Empire (224–651 CE). It includes a variety of genres such as poetry, prose, and historical texts. Notable works include the Avesta, the sacred texts of Zoroastrianism, and the Shahnameh, an epic poem by Ferdowsi that recounts the history of Persia. The literature often reflects themes of heroism, morality, and the struggle between good and evil. Persian poets like Rumi and Hafez emerged later, but their works are rooted in the rich traditions established in ancient times. This literary heritage continues to influence Persian culture today.