The Ancient Near East refers to a historical region that includes modern-day countries like Iraq, Syria, and parts of Turkey and Iran. This area is known as the cradle of civilization, where some of the first cities and writing systems emerged. Important cultures, such as the Sumerians, Babylonians, and Assyrians, thrived here, contributing significantly to human history. In the Ancient Near East, remarkable achievements in agriculture, trade, and governance took place. The invention of the wheel and the development of cuneiform writing are just a few examples of innovations that shaped society. Additionally, this region is home to significant religious texts, including parts of the Bible and the Epic of Gilgamesh.