Ancient mathematics refers to the mathematical practices and concepts developed by early civilizations, such as the Babylonians, Egyptians, and Greeks. These cultures used mathematics for various purposes, including trade, astronomy, and architecture. They created systems for counting, measuring, and calculating, laying the groundwork for modern mathematics. The Babylonians developed a base-60 number system, which is why we have 60 seconds in a minute and 360 degrees in a circle. Meanwhile, the Greeks introduced geometric principles, with mathematicians like Euclid and Pythagoras making significant contributions. Their work influenced later mathematical thought and education.