Ancient leaders were individuals who held power and authority in early civilizations. They often governed city-states or empires, making decisions that affected their people. Notable ancient leaders include Alexander the Great, who expanded his empire across three continents, and Cleopatra, the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. These leaders were often seen as representatives of the gods or divine figures, which helped them maintain control. They implemented laws, led armies, and engaged in diplomacy. Their legacies continue to influence modern governance and leadership styles, showcasing the importance of strong leadership in shaping history.