Ancient groups refer to early civilizations and societies that formed thousands of years ago. These include notable cultures such as the Sumerians, Egyptians, and Indus Valley civilization. They developed unique languages, religions, and social structures, laying the foundation for modern societies. Many ancient groups made significant advancements in areas like agriculture, writing, and architecture. For example, the Maya created complex calendars and impressive pyramids, while the Greeks contributed to philosophy and democracy. Understanding these ancient groups helps us appreciate the origins of human culture and societal development.