Ancient Egyptian Civilization flourished along the banks of the Nile River for over 3,000 years, from around 3100 BCE to 30 BCE. It is known for its remarkable achievements in architecture, art, and writing, particularly through the use of hieroglyphics. The civilization was organized into a series of dynasties, with powerful rulers known as pharaohs who were considered both political and religious leaders. The Egyptians built impressive structures, including the famous pyramids and the Sphinx, which served as tombs for their pharaohs and symbols of their beliefs in the afterlife. They made significant advancements in various fields, such as medicine, mathematics, and agriculture, which contributed to their long-lasting influence on later cultures.