The Anatolian Greeks were Greek-speaking communities that lived in the region of Anatolia, which is modern-day Turkey. They have a rich history that dates back to ancient times, with many cities like Ephesus and Miletus being significant centers of Greek culture and trade. These communities maintained their language and traditions even as they interacted with various empires, including the Roman and Byzantine empires. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Anatolian Greeks faced significant challenges, including the Greco-Turkish War and the population exchanges mandated by the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923. This led to the mass migration of Greeks from Anatolia to Greece, resulting in the decline of Greek presence in the region. Today, their legacy is reflected in the cultural and historical influences that remain in Anatolia.