Anaerobic digestion is a biological process that breaks down organic materials, such as food waste and manure, in the absence of oxygen. This process is carried out by microorganisms that decompose the material, producing biogas, which mainly consists of methane and carbon dioxide. The remaining solid material, known as digestate, can be used as a nutrient-rich fertilizer. This method is commonly used in waste management and renewable energy production. By converting waste into biogas, anaerobic digestion helps reduce landfill use and greenhouse gas emissions. It also supports sustainable practices by generating energy that can be used for heating or electricity, contributing to a circular economy.