The American Republic refers to the system of government established in the United States after the Declaration of Independence in 1776. It is characterized by a representative democracy where elected officials make decisions on behalf of the citizens. The Constitution, adopted in 1787, outlines the framework of the government, including the separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The American Republic is built on principles such as individual rights, the rule of law, and checks and balances. Key documents like the Bill of Rights protect citizens' freedoms, while the Founding Fathers, including figures like George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, played crucial roles in shaping the nation’s governance.