Amadou Toumani Touré, often referred to as ATT, is a Malian politician and retired military officer who served as the President of Mali from 2002 until 2012. He initially gained prominence for his role in leading a coup in 1991 that ended the dictatorship of Moussa Tavele. Touré was known for his efforts to promote democracy and economic development in Mali during his presidency. In March 2012, Touré was ousted in a military coup led by Amadou Sanogo, which was partly fueled by dissatisfaction with the government's handling of a rebellion in the north. Following his removal, Touré went into exile and has since been involved in various diplomatic efforts to stabilize Mali.