Alphavirus is a genus of viruses that primarily infects insects but can also affect mammals, including humans. These viruses are typically transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes. Some well-known members of this genus include Chikungunya virus and Eastern equine encephalitis virus, which can cause significant health issues. Alphaviruses are characterized by their single-stranded RNA genomes and are enveloped, meaning they have a protective lipid layer. They can lead to various diseases, often resulting in fever, joint pain, and in severe cases, neurological complications. Understanding these viruses is crucial for public health and disease prevention.