The Almoravid dynasty was a Berber Muslim movement that emerged in the 11th century in North Africa. Founded by the Lamtuna tribe, it aimed to purify Islam and expand its influence across the region. The Almoravids established a powerful empire that included parts of modern-day Morocco, Spain, and Western Sahara. Under the leadership of figures like Yusuf ibn Tashfin, the Almoravids unified various tribes and conquered significant territories. Their capital was Marrakech, which became a cultural and political center. The dynasty played a crucial role in the spread of Islam and the development of trade routes across the Sahara.