The Almohad dynasty was a Muslim dynasty that emerged in the 12th century in North Africa. Founded by Ibn Tumart, the Almohads aimed to reform Islam and unify the Maghreb region, which includes modern-day Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. They succeeded in overthrowing the Almoravid dynasty and expanded their territory into the Iberian Peninsula. The Almohads are known for their architectural achievements, including the famous Koutoubia Mosque in Marrakech. Their rule lasted until the 13th century, when they faced challenges from both internal strife and external forces, leading to their decline and eventual fragmentation.