Allama Muhammad Iqbal was a prominent philosopher, poet, and politician in British India, born on November 9, 1877. He is widely regarded as one of the most important figures in Urdu literature and is known for his poetry that inspired the movement for the creation of Pakistan. Iqbal's work emphasized self-discovery and the revival of Islamic thought. Iqbal studied in Europe, earning degrees from Cambridge University and Munich University. His poetry, written in both Urdu and Persian, reflects his vision for a united Muslim community. He is often referred to as the "Spiritual Father of Pakistan" for his influential ideas that contributed to the country's formation.