Alfonso II of Ferrara was the Duke of Ferrara from 1559 until his death in 1597. He was born on November 21, 1533, and was the last ruler of the House of Este in Ferrara. His reign was marked by cultural patronage, and he was known for his support of the arts and music, fostering a vibrant cultural environment in the city. Alfonso II's rule faced challenges, including political tensions and conflicts with neighboring states. He was also known for his marriage to Lucrezia Borgia, which helped to strengthen political alliances. His death marked the end of the Este dynasty's rule in Ferrara.