The Duchy of Ferrara was a historical state in northern Italy, established in the 13th century. It was ruled by the Este family, who played a significant role in the region's cultural and political life. The duchy became known for its contributions to the arts and education, particularly during the Renaissance. Ferrara was strategically located along the Po River, which facilitated trade and communication. The duchy was officially recognized in 1451 and lasted until 1598, when it was absorbed into the Papal States. Its rich history includes notable figures such as the poet Ludovico Ariosto and the painter Cosimo Tura.