Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, and inventor, best known for inventing dynamite. Born on October 21, 1833, he held 355 different patents throughout his life. His inventions significantly advanced construction and demolition techniques, making them safer and more efficient. In his will, Nobel established the Nobel Prizes, which reward outstanding contributions in various fields, including Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, and Peace. He aimed to leave a positive legacy, and the prizes continue to honor individuals and organizations that have made significant impacts on humanity since their inception in 1901.