Alania, also known as Alanija, is a historical region located in the northern Caucasus, primarily in modern-day Russia. It was inhabited by the Alans, an ancient nomadic people of Iranian origin. The region played a significant role in trade and cultural exchanges between Europe and Asia during the Middle Ages. The Alans established a powerful kingdom in the 9th century, which later fragmented into smaller principalities. Alania is known for its rich history, including its connections to the Golden Horde and the spread of Christianity in the region. Today, it is recognized for its cultural heritage and historical significance.