African independence refers to the process through which various African nations gained freedom from colonial rule, primarily during the mid-20th century. Many countries, such as Ghana in 1957, were among the first to achieve independence, inspiring others to seek self-determination. This movement was fueled by a desire for political autonomy, economic control, and cultural identity. The struggle for independence often involved both peaceful protests and armed resistance against colonial powers. Key figures, like Nelson Mandela in South Africa and Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana, played significant roles in advocating for freedom. By the 1970s, most African nations had successfully gained independence, reshaping the continent's political landscape.